This is a supplementary document to The National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy for Sri Lanka, 2011 to 2016, published by the Ministry of Environment, Sri Lanka. The document provides a thorough overview of the country,s adaptation of priorities and economic infrastructure; and biodiversity and ecosystem services. Sri Lanka’s biodiversity provides a wide range of ecosystem services, which include providing fresh water, ameliorating the climate, containing soil erosion, regulating surface runoff and providing bio-resources for subsistence use, as well as domestic and export-oriented markets. Many components of biodiversity are vital to meet the consumptive and economic needs of the country. The document discusses main factors that currently affect Sri Lanka’s biodiversity and the resultant changes the jeopardizes sustainable economic development and national initiatives for future food security. Options for adaptation should, therefore, prioritize monitoring and identification of the probable impacts of climate change on the most vulnerable and/or important components of biodiversity in the country and promote their conservation.