The ethnic conflict in Sri Lanka is filled with negotiations and attempted settlements, including instances of third-party mediation. Whilst there exist varying perceptions and interpretations of conflict, negotiation, mediation, peace and peace-building, the manner in which these concepts can be translated into practice also vary. As the first of a series of publications this pamphlet examines conflict, negotiation, mediation and peace with the aim of providing a conceptual introduction to each of these themes. Through practical discussion of these topics this series of publications seeks to widen the terms of political debate in contemporary Sri Lanka on issues ranging from peace and conflict to constitutional reform and democratisation. By enabling the reader to learn key concepts and ideas relating to the peace process in Sri Lanka in an simple and easy to understand manner this and the series of publications that follow aim to facilitate an informed, democratic and alert citizenry.