This report is commissioned by the Asian Development Bank (ADB) to identify and recommend the best practices by ADB’s developing member countries to encourage both private sector investment and competition in infrastructure development. This particular report focuses on airports and air traffic control. Transport is central to achieving prosperity and the quality of life, to which all countries aspire. Efficient and competitive airports and air traffic control are important for economic development. It examines the underlying economics and alternative models of private sector participation and proceeds to recommend best practices and approaches. In addition, the study discusses ADB’s role in facilitating private sector participation. It is hoped that the report will attract well managed and cost-effective private investment in airports and air traffic control.