Respect for the principles for freedom of association and the right to collective bargaining are key elements to ensure that the benefits resulting from globalisation are distributed equitably. This manuscript underscores the crucial role of freedom of association in achieving decent work for all in Sri Lanka. It sets out a legal framework, examines the extent of compliance with existing rights, and analyses the constraints to implementation. The core message being good governance of the labour market based on respect for principles and rights which contributes to a stable social and political environment in the country. The paper examines issues of the right to form and join workers’ and employers’ organisations; the right of such organisations to organise their internal administration without interference; the right to strike including those in services declared as essential; protection against anti-union discrimination; establishing the pre-conditions of collective bargaining; and, practical difficulties encountered in the implementation of the Conventions.