This book addresses a topical issue that straddles the three different continents – Asia, Africa and Latin America. The editors have collated eight case studies from five developing countries. The authors address the long-term consequences of displacement. The contributors to this book explore the different facets of conflicts, the consequence migration and long-term changes in the political-economic, social and individual realms of migrants as well as host communities. This book covers two broad situations of displacement that, in some cases, seem to be interlinked; one arises from violent conflicts and the other from environmental disasters. Three related research questions are addressed. The first question deals with how people produce and secure livelihoods under changing and volatile circumstances; the second addresses the processes by which social identities are shaped and reformulated and how they are interlinked with the struggles over power and livelihood practices. The third question is concerned with how social structures, cultural institutions and forms of organization are created or re-created when displaced people are confronted with fluid and unpredictable situations.