6. In the aftermath of the devastation caused by the Indian Ocean tsunami in 2004, the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MA 2005) stressed on the link between the coastal ecosystems and human wellbeing. In the light of this assessment, many projects emerged, including one entitled ‘Rehabilitating Coastal Ecosystems in a Post-Tsunami Context: Restoration of Mangroves in Sri Lanka and Thailand’. This paper builds on the conceptual basis developed under Phase 1 of the project and presents a framework, which illustrates the various components of an integrated ecosystem service and human wellbeing assessment. This report also provides an overview of the indicators that could be used in developing framework, as well as an example of an ecosystem assessment in Sri Lanka that illustrates the information required in establishing a baseline for future projects.