Malaria in Sri Lanka is unstable and epidemic, with large spatial and temporal differences in transmission dynamics. This research report by the International Water Management Institute aims at identifying the underlying risk factors of Malaria, so that the limited resources can be targeted at cost-effective control of the disease. It is based on their project of Malaria Risk Mapping in Sri Lanka to investigate whether this tool could be utilised for epidemic forecasting. This report calls for malaria control strategies that are readily adapted for different ecological and epidemiological settings.