This second report on Kenya Participatory Monitoring is the result of the combined efforts of many people at many different levels in Kenyan society. This report brings together the perspectives of the poor consulted in 12 sites in six Kenyan districts. It offers an opportunity to bring the voices and perspectives of the poor into central and local government formulation, planning and implementation. The report highlights some of the contextual elements in which the exercise was carried out, focusing on the importance of previous poverty eradication policies and examines the scale and nature of these past national level efforts. It also reviews previous poverty measurements used in various studies and the current status of poverty in Kenya.