Poverty is defined as multi dimensional; it is also a human tragedy. Even though South Asian countries have programs and schemes to eliminate poverty, little is achieved in practice. Governments no longer talk about elimination or eradication of poverty, but alleviation. ‘Poverty and vulnerability’ attempts to capture the narratives of survival and struggle focusing South Asian countries. The seven vital areas discussed in this book are extraction of natural resources & food insecurity; climate change; development-induced displacement; geopolitics & the war on terror; gender, caste; ethno-religious conflicts and migration & labour.