Research and action is considered separate and independent. This is the standard situation where the researchers choose and define problems in the light of their own specific research objectives and subsequently the practitioners carry out action programs with altogether different objectives arrived at by rather different routes. If research and action meet, it is only because action programs are ways of solving social issues and are therefore characterised by structural and behavioural patterns evidenced in any form of social activity. Even though the action is carried out, practically the work is not connected with the research institution. In practice, the researcher analyses data, writes the report and draws conclusions on the basis of the problem he has defined. The definition of the research problem is aimed more towards the author's academic discipline than toward the goals of the action program.