Developing countries are currently faced with the challenges imposed on them by globalization. With global movements of capital and technology, they have to create the right environment in order to grab the opportunities offered by it for the betterment of the livelihood of their people. In Sri Lanka, agriculture is a vital sector. In 2002, experts on the sector from government, private sector, NGOs and international organizations were brought together in a two day workshop on the theme of ‘Sri Lankan Agriculture for the Next Decade: Challenges and Opportunities’ to probe and identify related challenges and opportunities. These experts reviewed national and international policy in this arena, reforms needed in agricultural research and development, strategies to promote investments and sustainable and equitable development. Their presentations and deliberations are included in this proceedingsof this workshop report.