This study represents a first attempt to comprehensively assess the relationships of China’s achievements in poverty reduction with the various dimensions of its macro-policy framework, and to provide a set of recommendations for making this policy framework more “pro-poor”. In the recent years, UNDP China has been increasingly working upstream towards fostering advocacy, policy advice and dialogue. This publication is intended to provide a new impetus to the debate on how China can further integrate poverty and equity concerns into its national policy-making and development strategies, and develop practical options for promoting growth with equity.