The subject of poverty is multi-dimensional and complex. Poverty cannot be defined adequately using only one criteria. Thus although this report defines poverty using consumption data, other indicators of poverty that reflect non-income aspects are also presented to yield a more comprehensive understanding of this subject. In Volume I of the first Report on Poverty in Kenya, expenditure was used as a proxy of income and a measure of poverty. The authors explained the procedures followed in assessing poverty levels. During the dissemination workshop of the report, various partners in development expressed the need to have a simplified version, which avoids the detailed technical background explanation. This popular version attempts to bring out the most salient issues in the First Report on Poverty in Kenya in an easy and understandable manner.