This paper is based on the underlying principle that armed conflict is rooted in structural economic, social and political conditions. The role of this framework is to examine three main concepts. Firstly, to study the current thinking about children affected by armed conflict. Secondly, to promote the fundamental understanding that children need different interventions than adults in situations of armed conflict. And lastly, to provide a starting point for considering appropriate interventions in these situations. Further, this document provides guidance in programme development for organizations working with children affected by armed conflict, particularly for those organizations working in partnership with the Canadian Peace-building Fund. It can also be used as a reference tool to plan, implement, monitor and evaluate programming for children affected by armed conflict.