Over the course of the 20th and 21st centuries the world has seen a rise in armed confrontations. These conflicts have affected millions of lives, particularly those of children. To carry out its duty to protect the wellbeing of such children, the international community must first have a comprehensive understanding on how exactly these children are affected. In aid of that goal, this document seeks to summary of the trends and issues in armed conflict based on research conducted in Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. It analyses the factors that fuel conflicts in these areas. The document conveys the effect these conflicts have on children. How it affects them socially, physically and mentally. It describes the nature of these conflicts and the consequences they have on children in South Asia. Finally, the document has recommendations on how best to address these issues and how to protect children in areas of armed conflict.