The aim of this work on conflict assessments is to assist in designing development policies and programmes which are sensitive to the dynamics of peace and conflict, and which can contribute to the prevention, management and reduction of violent conflict. Case studies were conducted in four countries- Moldova, Sri Lanka, Nepal and Kyrgystan- and the lessons generated from these studies, presented in this volume, have been used to develop a set of guidelines for the conduct of conflict assessments. The strategic conflict assessments which were carried out in each country included conflict analysis (conflict structures, actors and dynamics), policy analysis (overall responses, aid donor policies and programmes and the impact on conflict and peace) and strategies and options ( policy options and strategies for development donors).