Twenty-onedonor countries or multinational aid agencies and seven partner countries were represented at Vienna in March 1999. This paper synthesizes the proceedings of a workshop on country programme evaluation held in Vienna in March 1999. It draws upon the presentations and discussions at that workshop and the various papers that were circulated by speakers and other participants. This publication provides a unique overview of approaches and methods for country programme evaluation. It contains i) an analytical review of the workshop’s main findings, ii) an overview of the state-of-the-art approaches and methodologies used for country program evaluations, and iii) the case studies that were presented and discussed at the workshop. It is also important to note that the country programme evaluation process is not risk-free; as in any evaluation, there are reputations at stake and fears of the consequences can threaten the morale and commitment of programme and partner staff. Country programme evaluation, like any evaluation, must proceed with sensitivity.