This study primarily examines the relation between livelihood vulnerability and collective environmental actions in Sri Lanka. This empirical study identifies factors and forces that mobilise people at public level for ecological movement on the basis of their livelihood conflicts. This study shows that it is possible to witness social integration among different ethnic groups as a result of the vulnerable condition of their livelihood. Sometimes it is possible to see mass mobilisation through religious means from ecologically vulnerable groups. Therefore, there is proof that environmental actions emerging in Sri Lanka are almost in the form of economic conflict seeking to safeguard people’s livelihood.