Monitoring involves continuously asking ourselves where we stand, towards what we are moving, and what corrections may be necessary to our navigation. Monitoring means keeping in touch, not justwith the reality of our undertakings, but also with our surroundings. The aim of this brochure is to prepare those at the helm for their demanding task in international development cooperation. This brochure is in two parts. In part I of this working tool, the role of monitoring in the project or programme cycle is considered, and the reality of monitoring shown by a practical example from the field. This demonstrates what monitoring means, in international cooperation. In part II, there is further examination of the subject. It explains the various methodical principles of monitoring. The actual inception of monitoring is also considered. The reader will become familiar with a number of instruments thatcan be of help in the planning and application of monitoring systems.