This book presents the preliminary findings of the case studies completed to date (in Pakistan, Sri Lanka and India). The report provides an assessment of the operation and maintenance status within the communities illustrated in the studies and has sought to highlight the success and failure of the different approaches. The report goes on to review both consumer (urban poor) perceptions and municipal performance of community based processes. Finally, general conclusions or lessons have been drawn out that will be useful when thinking about operation and maintenance in the planning and implementation of future projects.