The discussions during the seminar of DSE/ZEL, which had as its objectives to exchange views and acquire knowledge on participatory approaches was held in 1984, and provides the basis for the description contained in this booklet. It is addressed to those who participated in the seminar and who wish to apply these methods. However, it is also addressed to those who have gained experience of participatory methods at other events and who want to make use of them,while working together with a team of moderators.