The toolkit is a supplement to the UNFPA programming guidelines. It provides guidance and options for UNFPA Country Office staff to improve monitoring and evaluation activities in the context of results-based programme management. It is also useful for other programme managers at headquarters and national levels. Many of the approaches described in this toolkit can be used as well for programme1 strategy development. This tool clarifies the significance and different modalities of stakeholder participation in programme monitoring and evaluation. Its content is based on a review of evaluation literature from academia and international development agencies and NGOs such as the Institute of Development Studies, Sussex, UNFPA, UNDP, UNICEF and Catholic Relief Services.