This publication is a collection of a series of papers that discusses how the International Monetary Fund (IMF) can best support low-income members and contribute to the intensified global effort towards the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The broad principles of the comprehensive development strategy expressed in the Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper approach and the Monterrey Consensus provide the appropriate framework for the Fund’s engagement with low income countries. The papers focus on how best the Fund can contribute to the successful implementation of these initiatives.