In this volume Michael Klein and Tim Harford analyze some of the much debated topics in the aid industry today. They argue about the changes taking place in the aid industry and of the old models of aid under pressure. When the industry is expected to benefit the community at large, some are threatened by the chaos of competition and the search for new ideas. Yet at the same time there is a tremendous opportunity for harnessing competition to improve performance and find better ways of helping the poor. Klein and Harford argue for rigorous methods of evaluation and creative use of the private sector to produce a more effective aid industry in which new experiments are encouraged.